Distance Learning: Does it Have an Impact on the Readiness of Physical Education Teachers in Coastal Areas?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2022.3.06Keywords:
physical education, coastal areas, distance learning, readiness, teachingAbstract
Study purpose. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is an effect of distance learning on the readiness of physical education teachers in coastal areas.
Materials and methods. This study used an experimental method with one group pre-test-post-test design. The research participants were physical education teachers in junior high schools in coastal areas (n = 60). Primary data collection to measure teacher readiness was the Online Teaching Readiness Survey consisting of 41 questions with a validity level of 0.76 and a reliability of 0.91. Secondary data collection was performed using literature study.
Results. The results of the paired sample t-test showed 0.754 > 0.01, indicating the data variance was the same. By looking at the assumed equal variances, the significance result shows that .000 < .01 (confidence interval = 99%), then H0 is rejected. Based on the data, there are 10 teachers or 16% who are ready to carry out distance learning, 36 teachers or 60% are not ready, and 14 teachers or 24% are unprepared.
Conclusions. There is an impact of distance learning on the readiness of PE teachers in coastal areas. The effect in question shows the unpreparedness of PE teachers in implementing distance learning. The recommendation from the findings is that teachers need virtual learning training and adequate support to succeed in distance learning.
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References
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Calabuig-Moreno, F., González-Serrano, M. H., Fombona, J., & García-Tascón, M. (2020). The emergence of technology in physical education: A general bibliometric analysis with a focus on virtual and augmented reality. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(7), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12072728
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Schneider, S. L., & Council, M. L. (2021). Distance learning in the era of COVID-19. Archives of Dermatological Research, 313(5), 389-390. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00403-020-02088-9
Crawford, J., K. Butler-Henderson, J. Rudolph, B. Malkawi, M. Glowatz, R. Burton, P. Magni, and S. Lam. (2020). “COVID-19: 20 Countries’ Higher Education Intra-Period Digital Pedagogy Responses.” Journal of Applied Learning & Teaching 3(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.37074/jalt.2020.3.1.7
Samadi, S., & Lestariningsih, D. S. (2018). Environmental education model in non-formal education at coastal community based on resilience and social ecological systems. In MATEC Web of Conferences (Vol. 197). EDP Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819713024
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Adedoyin, O. B., & Soykan, E. (2020). Covid-19 pandemic and online learning: the challenges and opportunities. Interactive Learning Environments. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2020.1813180
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Firman, F., & Rahayu, S. (2020). Online Learning in the Midst of the Covid-19 Pandemic. Indonesian Journal of Educational Science (IJES), 2(2), 81-89. https://doi.org/10.31605/ijes.v2i2.659
Rashid, J. A., Aziz, A. A., Rahman, A. A., Saaid, S. A., Ahmad, Z., & Zainodin, W. H. W. (2020). The influence of mobile phone addiction on academic performance among teenagers. Malaysian Journal of Communication, 36(3), 408-424. https://doi.org/10.17576/JKMJC-2020-3603-25
Moorhouse, B. L. (2020). Adaptations to a Face-to-face Initial Teacher Education Course ‘Forced’ Online Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Education for Teaching, 1-3. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 02607476.2020.1755205
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Manasia, L., Ianos, M. G., & Chicioreanu, T. D. (2020). Pre-service teacher preparedness for fostering education for sustainable development: An empirical analysis of central dimensions of teaching readiness. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/SU12010166
Tyan, P. H., Rahman, F. A., & Sarvestani, M. S. (2020). Teachers’ readiness in implementing and facilitating 21st century learning. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 8(1), 24-29. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2020.081304
Barney, D., & Kahaialii, N. (2020). High School Physical Education and its Effect on Fitness Facility Participation After Graduation: A Case Study. Asian Journal of Physical Education & Recreation, 9-15. https://doi.org/10.24112/ajper.251915
Jeong, H. C., & So, W. Y. (2020). Difficulties of online physical education classes in middle and high school and an efficient operation plan to address them. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(19), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197279
Fernández, M. & Espada, M. (2021). Knowledge, Education and Use of Teaching Styles in Physical Education. International Journal of Instruction, 14(1), 379-394. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2021.14122a
Welsh, R. O., & Swain, W. A. (2020). (Re)Defining Urban Education: A Conceptual Review and Empirical Exploration of the Definition of Urban Education. Educational Researcher, 49(2), 90-100. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X20902822
Warren, C. A., & Venzant Chambers, T. T. (2020). The Imperative of Social Foundations to (Urban) Education Research and Practice. Educational Researcher, 49(5), 369-375. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X20923289
Kok, M., Komen, A., van Capelleveen, L., & van der Kamp, J. (2020). The effects of self-controlled video feedback on motor learning and self-efficacy in a Physical Education setting: an exploratory study on the shot-put. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 25(1), 49-66. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2019.1688773
Legowo, B., Kusharjanta, B., Sutomo, A. D., & Wahyuningsih, D. (2019). Increasing Competency 4C using The G-Suite Application for Education. International Journal of Active Learning, 4(2), 168-171.
Abidin, Z., Hudaya, A., & Anjani, D. (2020). The Effectiveness of Distance Learning During the Covid-19 Pandemic. Research and Development Journal of Education, 1(1), 131. https://doi.org/10.30998/rdje.v1i1.7659
Muhtar, T., & Dallyono, R. (2020). Character education from the perspectives of elementary school physical education teachers. Cakrawala Pendidikan, 39(2), 395-408. https://doi.org/10.21831/cp.v39i2.30647
McEvilly, N. (2022). What is PE and who should teach it? Undergraduate PE students’ views and experiences of the outsourcing of PE in the UK. Sport, Education and Society, 27(6), 662-675. https://doi.org/10.1080/13573322.2021.1901684
Irmansyah, Susanto, Lumintuarso, Sugiyanto, Syarif. (2021). Physical Literacy in the Culture of Physical Education in Elementary Schools: Indonesian Perspectives. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 9(5), 955-963. https://doi.org/10.13189/saj.2021.090517
Fiorilli, C., Buonomo, I., Romano, L., Passiatore, Y., Iezzi, D. F., Santoro, P. E., Pepe, A. (2020). Teacher confidence in professional training: The predictive roles of engagement and burnout. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(16). https://doi.org/10.3390/SU1216634
Nolan, A., & Molla, T. (2017). Teacher confidence and professional capital. Teaching and Teacher Education, 62, 10-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2016.11.004
Susanto, Sukoco, Suharjana. (2020). The Aquares Model: Does it Have Impact on Improving Personal and Social Responsibility. Cakrawala Pendidikan, 39(3), 597-608. https://doi.org/10.21831/cp.v39i3.30385
Pribudhiana, R., Bin Don, Y., & Bin Yusof, M. R. (2021). Determining the influence of teacher quality toward teacher readiness in implementing Indonesian education policy. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 2021(93), 373-390.
https://doi.org/10.14689/EJER.2021.93.18
Savolainen, H., Malinen, O.-P., & Schwab, S. (2022). Teacher efficacy predicts teachers’ attitudes towards inclusion – a longitudinal cross-lagged analysis. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 26(9), 958-972. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2020.1752826
Zhang, J., & Sun, Y. (2020). Investigating the effects of professional learning communities on teacher commitment in China. Educational Studies, 46(6), 773-777. https://doi.org/10.1080/03055698.2019.1651695
Adrian, Y., & Agustina, R. L. (2019). Teacher Competencies in the Industrial Revolution Era 4. Jurnal Pendidikan, 14(2), 175-181. https://doi.org/10.33654/jpl.v14i2.907
Deligiannidou, T., Athanailidis, I., Laios, A., & Stafyla, A. (2020). Determining effective leadership qualities of a school principal from the perception of PE teachers in Greece. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 20(3), 2126-2135. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2020.s3286
Chiva-Bartoll, Ò., Capella-Peris, C., & Salvador-García, C. (2020). Service-learning in physical education teacher education: towards a critical and inclusive perspective. Journal of Education for Teaching, 46(3), 395-407.
https://doi.org/10.1080/02607476.2020.1733400
Fachrurrazi, F. (2017). Relationship Between Teacher Professional Competences and Teacher Work-Autonomy. Jurnal Pendidikan, 1(2), 281-300. https://doi.org/10.32533/01203.2017
Susanto, Irmansyah, Pangastuti, Khory (2021). The Effect of Responsibility-Based Aquatic Teaching on the Respect and Caring of Middle School Students. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 9(5), 955-963. https://doi.org/10.13189/saj.2021.090517
Raibowo, S., Nopiyanto, Y. E., & Muna, M. K. (2019). PE Teachers’ Understanding of Professional Competency Standards. Journal Of Sport Education (JOPE), 2(1), 10. https://doi.org/10.31258/jope.2.1.10-15
Mustofa, T. (2020). Professional Teacher Social Competence. Journal of Islamic Religious Education and Religion, 1(1), 22-27.
Flory, S. B., & Wylie, R. A. (2019). Cultural Competence of Urban Middle School Physical Education Teachers. The Physical Educator, 76(5), 1319-1341. https://doi.org/10.18666/tpe-2019-v76-i5-9131
Cheung, C. kiu, & Lee, T. (2010). Improving social competence through character education. Evaluation and Program Planning, 33(3), 255-263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2009.08.006
Meilia, M., & Murdiana, M. (2019). Educators Must Literate Competencies in Facing 21st Century Education. Journal of Intercollegiate Communication, 18(2), 491-517. https://doi.org/10.15408/kordinat.v18i2.11501
Burdina, M.G., Krapotkina, I. E., & Nasyrova, L. G. (2019). Distance Learning in Elementary School Classrooms: An Emerging Framework for Contemporary Practice. International Journal of Instruction, 12(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2019.1211a
Nurhayati, A., Aisah, I., & Supriatna, A. K. (2020). Community- Based Enviromental Education In Coastal Regions And Its Role In The Conservation Of Fisheries Resources In Indonesia. International Journal of Conservation Science, 11(4), 1103-1114.
Kemendikbud. (2020). Analysis of the Home Learning Quick Survey in the Covid-19 Prevention Period. Jakarta.
González-Calvo, G., R. A. Barba-Martín, D. Bores-García, and V. Gallego-Lema. (2020). “Aprender a Ser Docente sin Estar en las Aulas: La COVID-19 Como Amenaza al Desarrollo Profesional del Futuro Profesorado.” International and Multidisciplinary Journal of Social Sciences 9(2), 152-177. https://doi.org/10.17583/rimcis.2020.5783
Koutaya, A. (2020). Distance learning of physical and sports education in the days of the Corona Virus. The Journal of Quality in Education, 10(16), 122-143. https://doi.org/10.37870/joqie.v10i16.230
Burki, T. K. (2020). “COVID-19: Consequences for Higher Education.” The Lancet Oncology, 21(6), 758.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(20)30287
Hortigüela-Alcalá, D., Hernando-Garijo, A., & Pérez-Pueyo, Á. (2021). Physical education in the COVID-19 context. A tale from teachers of different educational stages. Retos, 41, 764-774. https://doi.org/10.47197/RETOS.V41I0.86368
Calabuig-Moreno, F., González-Serrano, M. H., Fombona, J., & García-Tascón, M. (2020). The emergence of technology in physical education: A general bibliometric analysis with a focus on virtual and augmented reality. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(7), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12072728
Kirk, D. (2020). Precarity, Critical Pedagogy and Physical Education. New York: Routledge
Hordvik, M., A. MacPhail, and L. Tore Ronglan. (2019). “Negotiating the Complexity of Teaching: A Rhizomatic Consideration of Pre-Service Teachers’ School Placement Experiences.” Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 24(5), 447-462. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2019.1623189
Richards, K. A., C. Iannucci, E. McEvoy, and A. Simonton. (2020). “The Professional Socialization Challenge: Teacher Education for a Preferable Future for Physical Education.” In School Physical Education and Teacher Education Collaborative Redesign for the 21st Century, edited by A. MacPhail and H. Lawson. Routledge Studies in Physical Education and Youth Sport, 125–143. London and New York: Routledge
MacPhail, A., & Lawson, H. (Eds.). (2020). School physical education and teacher education: Collaborative redesign for the 21st century. Routledge.
Azhari, B., & Fajri, I. (2021). Distance learning during the COVID-19 pandemic: School closure in Indonesia. International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology. https://doi.org/10.1080/0020739X.2021.1875072
Schneider, S. L., & Council, M. L. (2021). Distance learning in the era of COVID-19. Archives of Dermatological Research, 313(5), 389-390. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00403-020-02088-9
Crawford, J., K. Butler-Henderson, J. Rudolph, B. Malkawi, M. Glowatz, R. Burton, P. Magni, and S. Lam. (2020). “COVID-19: 20 Countries’ Higher Education Intra-Period Digital Pedagogy Responses.” Journal of Applied Learning & Teaching 3(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.37074/jalt.2020.3.1.7
Samadi, S., & Lestariningsih, D. S. (2018). Environmental education model in non-formal education at coastal community based on resilience and social ecological systems. In MATEC Web of Conferences (Vol. 197). EDP Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819713024
Koesnandar, A. (2020). Development of Innovative Learning Models Based on Information and Communication Technology. Jurnal Teknologi Pendidikan, 8(1), 33. https://doi.org/10.31800/jtp.kw.v8n1.p33-61
Adedoyin, O. B., & Soykan, E. (2020). Covid-19 pandemic and online learning: the challenges and opportunities. Interactive Learning Environments. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2020.1813180
Alea, L. A., Fabrea, M. F., Roldan, R. D. A., & Farooqi, A. Z. (2020). Teachers’ Covid-19 awareness, distance learning education experiences and perceptions towards institutional readiness and challenges. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research. Society for Research and Knowledge Management. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.19.6.8
Firman, F., & Rahayu, S. (2020). Online Learning in the Midst of the Covid-19 Pandemic. Indonesian Journal of Educational Science (IJES), 2(2), 81-89. https://doi.org/10.31605/ijes.v2i2.659
Rashid, J. A., Aziz, A. A., Rahman, A. A., Saaid, S. A., Ahmad, Z., & Zainodin, W. H. W. (2020). The influence of mobile phone addiction on academic performance among teenagers. Malaysian Journal of Communication, 36(3), 408-424. https://doi.org/10.17576/JKMJC-2020-3603-25
Moorhouse, B. L. (2020). Adaptations to a Face-to-face Initial Teacher Education Course ‘Forced’ Online Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Education for Teaching, 1-3. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 02607476.2020.1755205
Wirawan, B., & Tambunan, J. R. (2018). Challenges on Java’s small city spatial planning. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 158). Institute of Physics Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/158/1/012054
Manasia, L., Ianos, M. G., & Chicioreanu, T. D. (2020). Pre-service teacher preparedness for fostering education for sustainable development: An empirical analysis of central dimensions of teaching readiness. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/SU12010166
Tyan, P. H., Rahman, F. A., & Sarvestani, M. S. (2020). Teachers’ readiness in implementing and facilitating 21st century learning. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 8(1), 24-29. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2020.081304
Barney, D., & Kahaialii, N. (2020). High School Physical Education and its Effect on Fitness Facility Participation After Graduation: A Case Study. Asian Journal of Physical Education & Recreation, 9-15. https://doi.org/10.24112/ajper.251915
Jeong, H. C., & So, W. Y. (2020). Difficulties of online physical education classes in middle and high school and an efficient operation plan to address them. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(19), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197279
Fernández, M. & Espada, M. (2021). Knowledge, Education and Use of Teaching Styles in Physical Education. International Journal of Instruction, 14(1), 379-394. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2021.14122a
Welsh, R. O., & Swain, W. A. (2020). (Re)Defining Urban Education: A Conceptual Review and Empirical Exploration of the Definition of Urban Education. Educational Researcher, 49(2), 90-100. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X20902822
Warren, C. A., & Venzant Chambers, T. T. (2020). The Imperative of Social Foundations to (Urban) Education Research and Practice. Educational Researcher, 49(5), 369-375. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X20923289
Kok, M., Komen, A., van Capelleveen, L., & van der Kamp, J. (2020). The effects of self-controlled video feedback on motor learning and self-efficacy in a Physical Education setting: an exploratory study on the shot-put. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 25(1), 49-66. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2019.1688773
Legowo, B., Kusharjanta, B., Sutomo, A. D., & Wahyuningsih, D. (2019). Increasing Competency 4C using The G-Suite Application for Education. International Journal of Active Learning, 4(2), 168-171.
Abidin, Z., Hudaya, A., & Anjani, D. (2020). The Effectiveness of Distance Learning During the Covid-19 Pandemic. Research and Development Journal of Education, 1(1), 131. https://doi.org/10.30998/rdje.v1i1.7659
Muhtar, T., & Dallyono, R. (2020). Character education from the perspectives of elementary school physical education teachers. Cakrawala Pendidikan, 39(2), 395-408. https://doi.org/10.21831/cp.v39i2.30647
McEvilly, N. (2022). What is PE and who should teach it? Undergraduate PE students’ views and experiences of the outsourcing of PE in the UK. Sport, Education and Society, 27(6), 662-675. https://doi.org/10.1080/13573322.2021.1901684
Irmansyah, Susanto, Lumintuarso, Sugiyanto, Syarif. (2021). Physical Literacy in the Culture of Physical Education in Elementary Schools: Indonesian Perspectives. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 9(5), 955-963. https://doi.org/10.13189/saj.2021.090517
Fiorilli, C., Buonomo, I., Romano, L., Passiatore, Y., Iezzi, D. F., Santoro, P. E., Pepe, A. (2020). Teacher confidence in professional training: The predictive roles of engagement and burnout. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(16). https://doi.org/10.3390/SU1216634
Nolan, A., & Molla, T. (2017). Teacher confidence and professional capital. Teaching and Teacher Education, 62, 10-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2016.11.004
Susanto, Sukoco, Suharjana. (2020). The Aquares Model: Does it Have Impact on Improving Personal and Social Responsibility. Cakrawala Pendidikan, 39(3), 597-608. https://doi.org/10.21831/cp.v39i3.30385
Pribudhiana, R., Bin Don, Y., & Bin Yusof, M. R. (2021). Determining the influence of teacher quality toward teacher readiness in implementing Indonesian education policy. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 2021(93), 373-390.
https://doi.org/10.14689/EJER.2021.93.18
Savolainen, H., Malinen, O.-P., & Schwab, S. (2022). Teacher efficacy predicts teachers’ attitudes towards inclusion – a longitudinal cross-lagged analysis. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 26(9), 958-972. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2020.1752826
Zhang, J., & Sun, Y. (2020). Investigating the effects of professional learning communities on teacher commitment in China. Educational Studies, 46(6), 773-777. https://doi.org/10.1080/03055698.2019.1651695
Adrian, Y., & Agustina, R. L. (2019). Teacher Competencies in the Industrial Revolution Era 4. Jurnal Pendidikan, 14(2), 175-181. https://doi.org/10.33654/jpl.v14i2.907
Deligiannidou, T., Athanailidis, I., Laios, A., & Stafyla, A. (2020). Determining effective leadership qualities of a school principal from the perception of PE teachers in Greece. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 20(3), 2126-2135. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2020.s3286
Chiva-Bartoll, Ò., Capella-Peris, C., & Salvador-García, C. (2020). Service-learning in physical education teacher education: towards a critical and inclusive perspective. Journal of Education for Teaching, 46(3), 395-407.
https://doi.org/10.1080/02607476.2020.1733400
Fachrurrazi, F. (2017). Relationship Between Teacher Professional Competences and Teacher Work-Autonomy. Jurnal Pendidikan, 1(2), 281-300. https://doi.org/10.32533/01203.2017
Susanto, Irmansyah, Pangastuti, Khory (2021). The Effect of Responsibility-Based Aquatic Teaching on the Respect and Caring of Middle School Students. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 9(5), 955-963. https://doi.org/10.13189/saj.2021.090517
Raibowo, S., Nopiyanto, Y. E., & Muna, M. K. (2019). PE Teachers’ Understanding of Professional Competency Standards. Journal Of Sport Education (JOPE), 2(1), 10. https://doi.org/10.31258/jope.2.1.10-15
Mustofa, T. (2020). Professional Teacher Social Competence. Journal of Islamic Religious Education and Religion, 1(1), 22-27.
Flory, S. B., & Wylie, R. A. (2019). Cultural Competence of Urban Middle School Physical Education Teachers. The Physical Educator, 76(5), 1319-1341. https://doi.org/10.18666/tpe-2019-v76-i5-9131
Cheung, C. kiu, & Lee, T. (2010). Improving social competence through character education. Evaluation and Program Planning, 33(3), 255-263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2009.08.006
Meilia, M., & Murdiana, M. (2019). Educators Must Literate Competencies in Facing 21st Century Education. Journal of Intercollegiate Communication, 18(2), 491-517. https://doi.org/10.15408/kordinat.v18i2.11501
Burdina, M.G., Krapotkina, I. E., & Nasyrova, L. G. (2019). Distance Learning in Elementary School Classrooms: An Emerging Framework for Contemporary Practice. International Journal of Instruction, 12(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2019.1211a
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Published
2022-09-23
How to Cite
Susanto, E., Mulyaningsih, F., Mujriah, M., Satriawan, R., & Sulfandi, S. (2022). Distance Learning: Does it Have an Impact on the Readiness of Physical Education Teachers in Coastal Areas?. Physical Education Theory and Methodology, 22(3), 338–345. https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2022.3.06
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