The Association Between Physical Activity and Loneliness Among International Students in Java
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2026.3.24Keywords:
international students, physical activity., lonelinessAbstract
Background. Perceived loneliness and social isolation are significant challenges for international students adapting to different cultural and academic environments. Physical activity has been suggested as a key factor that may be associated with mental health, social interactions, and emotional well-being.
Objectives. The study aimed to examine the association between physical activity and loneliness among international students residing in Java, Indonesia.
Materials and Methods. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 164 international students from universities in Java, selected using random sampling. Physical activity levels were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and loneliness was measured via the Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale. Descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression analyses were performedusing SPSS v.2025.
Results. The majority of participants were highly educated, and 56.1% reported high physical activity. Loneliness was prevalent, with 68.9% of students experiencing moderate to high levels. Multiple regression analysis indicated a significant negative association between physical activity and loneliness (β = – 0.42, p = 0.001), explaining 23% of the variance.
Conclusions. These findings suggest that higher levels of physical activity are associated with lower loneliness among international students, highlighting the potential role of physical activity in supporting social inclusion and well-being. Universities may consider promoting structured physical activity opportunities to facilitate student engagement and adjustment.
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