Retraction Note: Evaluating the Effects of Complex Training on Athletic Performance: A Systematic Review (Physical Education Theory and Methodology, 26(1). https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2025.5.25)
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The Editors have retracted the following article:
Choudhary et al. (2025). Evaluating the Effects of Complex Training on Athletic Performance: A Systematic Review. Physical Education Theory and Methodology, 25(5), 1255–1267. https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2025.5.25
Following a formal editorial investigation conducted in accordance with the journal’s publication ethics policy and COPE guidelines, the Editors determined that the article contains serious deficiencies in methodological reporting and representation of the study design. Specifically, the article was presented as a systematic review and meta-analysis; however, no verifiable meta-analytic procedures were identified. In addition, statements regarding protocol registration could not be substantiated, and the reported methodological quality assessment was not supported by corresponding data. Furthermore, inconsistencies were identified between the stated study objectives and the inclusion criteria.
These issues compromise the reliability of the findings and the integrity of the scientific record. On this basis, the Editors have decided to retract the article in order to maintain the standards of publication ethics.
This retraction is issued by the Editors of the journal.
The authors did not consent to the retraction of the article.
The retracted article will remain available online to preserve the scholarly record; however, it will be digitally watermarked on each page as “Retracted”.
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Choudhary, S., Kumar Choudhary, P., Singh Rajpoot, Y., Singh, D., Hooda, N., & Saini, A. (2025). Evaluating the Effects of Complex Training on Athletic Performance: A Systematic Review. Physical Education Theory and Methodology, 25(5), 1255–1267. https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2025.5.25
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