The Effects of Fatigue on Landing Performance in Young Female Soccer Players
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2024.2.09Keywords:
landing, young female football players, injury prevention, fatigueAbstract
Objectives. Jumping and landing constitute two movements that are used with a very high frequency in all sports and are two skills that have received a lot of attention in the literature because of their relationship with injury risk. The aim of this study is to analyze the following aspects: (a) to determine whether fatigue negatively affects landing technique after a jump, and (b) to test whether different metabolic and neuromuscular exercises have an effect on the landing technique.
Materials and methods. The sample is composed of young female soccer players Under 14 (n = 29, 13.06 ± 1.27 years, 47.8 ± 2.6 kg; 143.2 ± 3.4 cm). Before and after two training protocols aimed at determining the state of fatigue (functional agility short-term fatigue protocol, and RSA protocol), landing technique was assessed using the Landing ErrorScoring System (LESS).
Results. The LESS assessment for the pre-fatigue and post-functional agility short-term fatigue protocol conditions showed a value of 6.78 ± 0.81 and 8.74 ± 0.77 respectively (p > 0.001, ES: 1.39). The LESS assessment for the post-RSA protocol condition was 8.52 ± 0.87; this score was statistically significantly higher than the pre-fatigue condition (p > 0.001, ES: 1.24).
Conclusions. Intensive exercise, both neuromuscular and metabolic, appears to have an effect on the landing technique of young female soccer players.
Downloads
References
Tsuda, E., Goodway, J. D., Famelia, R., & Brian, A. (2020). Relationship Between Fundamental Motor Skill Competence, Perceived Physical Competence and Free-Play Physical Activity in Children. Research quarterly for exercise and sport, 91(1), 55–63. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2019.1646851 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2019.1646851
Gao, Z., Wen, X., Fu, Y., Lee, J. E., & Zeng, N. (2021). Motor Skill Competence Matters in Promoting Physical Activity and Health. BioMed research international, 2021, 9786368. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9786368 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9786368
Ceruso, R., Esposito, G., & D’Elia, F. (2019) Coordination attached to the qualitative aspects of football. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 19(Suppl. 5), 1773-1776. doi:10.7752/jpes.2019.s5260 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2019.s5260
Esposito, G., Ceruso, R., & D’Elia, F. (2019). The importance of a technical-coordinative work with psychokinetic elements in the youth sectors of soccer academies. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 19, 1843-1851
D’Elia, F., D’Isanto, T., Altavilla, G., Esposito, G., & Raiola, G. (2023). Does training with visual occlusion improve technical skills in Under-14 football players? Acta Gymnica, 53, 1-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5507/ag.2023.004
Angulo-Barroso, R., Ferrer-Uris, B., Jubany, J., & Busquets, A. (2022). Children’s strategies in drop-landing. Frontiers in psychology, 13, 982467. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.982467 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.982467
D’Isanto T., Di Domenico F., D’Elia F., Aliberti S., & Esposito G. (2021). The Effectiveness of Constraints-Led Training on Skill Development in Football. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 9(6), 1344 - 1351. DOI: 10.13189/saj.2021.090630 DOI: https://doi.org/10.13189/saj.2021.090630
Lima, R. A., Bugge, A., Ersbøll, A. K., Stodden, D. F., & Andersen, L. B. (2019). The longitudinal relationship between motor competence and measures of fatness and fitness from childhood into adolescence. Jornal de pediatria, 95(4), 482–488. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2018.02.010 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2018.02.010
Lima, R. F., Palao, J. M., & Clemente, F. M. (2019). Jump Performance During Official Matches in Elite Volleyball Players: A Pilot Study. Journal of human kinetics, 67, 259–269. https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2018-0080 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2018-0080
Chow, D. H. K., Cheng, W. H. W., & Tam, S. S. M. (2020). A Video-Based Classification System for Assessing Locomotor Skills in Children. Journal of sports science & medicine, 19(3), 585–595.
Ziv, G., & Lidor, R. (2010). Vertical jump in female and male basketball players--a review of observational and experimental studies. Journal of science and medicine in sport, 13(3), 332–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2009.02.009 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2009.02.009
Scanlan, A. T., Dascombe, B. J., Reaburn, P., & Dalbo, V. J. (2012). The physiological and activity demands experienced by Australian female basketball players during competition. Journal of science and medicine in sport, 15(4), 341–347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2011.12.008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2011.12.008
Reina Román, M., García-Rubio, J., Feu, S., & Ibáñez, S. J. (2019). Training and Competition Load Monitoring and Analysis of Women’s Amateur Basketball by Playing Position: Approach Study. Frontiers in psychology, 9, 2689. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02689 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02689
Natali, S., Ferioli, D., La Torre, A., & Bonato, M. (2019). Physical and technical demands of elite beach volleyball according to playing position and gender. The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness, 59(1), 6–9. https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.17.07972-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.17.07972-5
Tillman, M. D., Hass, C. J., Brunt, D., & Bennett, G. R. (2004). Jumping and Landing Techniques in Elite Women’s Volleyball. Journal of sports science & medicine, 3(1), 30–36.
Batalla-Gavalda, A., Montoliu, R., Beltrán-Garrido, J. V., & Corbi, F. (2023). A new database of the analysis of the physiological needs in amateur female basketball during official matches. Scientific data, 10(1), 854. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02747-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02747-2
Choi, J. H., & Joo, C. H. (2022). Match activity profile of professional female soccer players during a season. Journal of exercise rehabilitation, 18(5), 324–329. https://doi.org/10.12965/jer.2244354.177 DOI: https://doi.org/10.12965/jer.2244354.177
Vescovi, J.D., Fernandes, E., & Klas, A. (2021). Physical Demands of Women’s Soccer Matches: A Perspective Across the Developmental Spectrum. Front. Sports Act. Living, 3:634696. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2021.634696 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2021.634696
Esposito, G., & Raiola, G. (2020). Monitoring the performance and technique consolidation in youth football players. Trends in Sport Sciences, 27(2), 93-100
Castagna, C., & Castellini, E. (2013). Vertical jump performance in Italian male and female national team soccer players. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 27(4), 1156–1161. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182610999 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182610999
Fink, J.S. (2015). Female athletes, women’s sport, and the sport media commercial complex: Have we really “come a long way, baby”? Sport Manag Rev., 18(3), 331–42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2014.05.001
Deng Y and Fan A (2022) Trends in sports participation in adolescents: Data from a large-scale sample in the US adolescents. Front. Public Health, 10:960098. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.960098 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.960098
Kwon, S., Letuchy, E. M., Levy, S. M., & Janz, K. F. (2021). Youth Sports Participation Is More Important among Females than Males for Predicting Physical Activity in Early Adulthood: Iowa Bone Development Study. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(3), 1328. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031328 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031328
Emmonds, S., Weaving, D., Lara-Bercial, S., & Till, K. (2021). Youth Sport partecipation trend in Europe. EUROPE. www.ioachkidsplus.eu
Song, Y., Li, L., Hughes, G., & Dai, B. (2023). Trunk motion and anterior cruciate ligament injuries: a narrative review of injury videos and controlled jump-landing and cutting tasks. Sports biomechanics, 22(1), 46–64. https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2021.1877337 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2021.1877337
Chijimatsu, M., Ishida, T., Yamanaka, M., Taniguchi, S., Ueno, R., Ikuta, R., Samukawa, M., Ino, T., Kasahara, S., & Tohyama, H. (2020). Landing instructions focused on pelvic and trunk lateral tilt decrease the knee abduction moment during a single-leg drop vertical jump. Physical therapy in sport: official journal of the Association of Chartered Physiotherapists in Sports Medicine, 46, 226–233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2020.09.010 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2020.09.010
Bates, N. A., Schilaty, N. D., Nagelli, C. V., Krych, A. J., & Hewett, T. E. (2019). Multiplanar Loading of the Knee and Its Influence on Anterior Cruciate Ligament and Medial Collateral Ligament Strain During Simulated Landings and Noncontact Tears. The American journal of sports medicine, 47(8), 1844–1853. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546519850165 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546519850165
Mandorino, M., Figueiredo, A. J., Gjaka, M., & Tessitore, A. (2023). Injury incidence and risk factors in youth soccer players: a systematic literature review. Part II: Intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors. Biology of sport, 40(1), 27–49. https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2023.109962 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2023.109962
Di Paolo, S., Nijmeijer, E., Bragonzoni, L., Dingshoff, E., Gokeler, A., & Benjaminse, A. (2023). Comparing lab and field agility kinematics in young talented female football players: Implications for ACL injury prevention. European journal of sport science, 23(5), 859–868. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2022.2064771
Larwa, J., Stoy, C., Chafetz, R. S., Boniello, M., & Franklin, C. (2021). Stiff Landings, Core Stability, and Dynamic Knee Valgus: A Systematic Review on Documented Anterior Cruciate Ligament Ruptures in Male and Female Athletes. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(7), 3826. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073826 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073826
Hägglund, M., & Waldén, M. (2016). Risk factors for acute knee injury in female youth football. Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA, 24(3), 737–746. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-015-3922-z DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-015-3922-z
Edison, B. R., Pandya, N., Patel, N. M., & Carter, C. W. (2022). Sex and Gender Differences in Pediatric Knee Injuries. Clinics in sports medicine, 41(4), 769–787. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csm.2022.06.002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csm.2022.06.002
Limroongreungrat, W., Mawhinney, C., Kongthongsung, S., & Pitaksathienkul, C. (2022). Landing Error Scoring System: Data from Youth Volleyball Players. Data in brief, 41, 107916. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2022.107916 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2022.107916
Okoruwa, E. T., Abbott, A., Stamm, M., & Mulcahey, M. K. (2022). Sport Specialization Classification and Injury Risk in Female Athletes. Sports health, 14(6), 797–804. https://doi.org/10.1177/19417381221123532 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/19417381221123532
Beese, M. E., Joy, E., Switzler, C. L., & Hicks-Little, C. A. (2015). Landing Error Scoring System Differences Between Single-Sport and Multi-Sport Female High School-Aged Athletes. Journal of athletic training, 50(8), 806–811. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-50.7.01 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-50.7.01
Root, H., Trojian, T., Martinez, J., Kraemer, W., & DiStefano, L. J. (2015). Landing Technique and Performance in Youth Athletes After a Single Injury-Prevention Program Session. Journal of athletic training, 50(11), 1149–1157. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-50.11.01 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-50.11.01
Bassa, E., Adamopoulos, I., Panoutsakopoulos, V., Xenofondos, A., Yannakos, A., Galazoulas, C., & Patikas, D. A. (2022). Optimal Drop Height in Prepubertal Boys Is Revealed by the Performance in Squat Jump. Sports (Basel, Switzerland), 11(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports11010001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/sports11010001
Fox, A. S., Bonacci, J., McLean, S. G., Spittle, M., & Saunders, N. (2016). A Systematic Evaluation of Field-Based Screening Methods for the Assessment of Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Injury Risk. Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 46(5), 715–735. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-015-0443-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-015-0443-3
Padua, D. A., DiStefano, L. J., Beutler, A. I., de la Motte, S. J., DiStefano, M. J., & Marshall, S. W. (2015). The Landing Error Scoring System as a Screening Tool for an Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury-Prevention Program in Elite-Youth Soccer Athletes. Journal of athletic training, 50(6), 589–595. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-50.1.10 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-50.1.10
Rostami, A., Letafatkar, A., Gokeler, A., & Khaleghi Tazji, M. (2020). The Effects of Instruction Exercises on Performance and Kinetic Factors Associated With Lower-Extremity Injury in Landing After Volleyball Blocks. Journal of sport rehabilitation, 29(1), 51–64. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2018-0163 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2018-0163
Jimenez-Garcia, J. A., Miller, M. B., & DeMont, R. G. (2023). Effects of Multicomponent Injury Prevention Programs on Children and Adolescents’ Fundamental Movement Skills: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analyses. American journal of health promotion : AJHP, 37(5), 705–719. https://doi.org/10.1177/08901171221146434 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/08901171221146434
Barber-Westin, S. D., & Noyes, F. R. (2017). Effect of Fatigue Protocols on Lower Limb Neuromuscular Function and Implications for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Prevention Training: A Systematic Review. The American journal of sports medicine, 45(14), 3388–3396. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546517693846 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546517693846
Santamaria, L. J., & Webster, K. E. (2010). The effect of fatigue on lower-limb biomechanics during single-limb landings: a systematic review. The Journal of orthopaedic and sports physical therapy, 40(8), 464–473. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2010.3295 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2010.3295
Peebles, A. T., Williams, B., 3rd, & Queen, R. M. (2021). Bilateral Squatting Mechanics Are Associated With Landing Mechanics in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Patients. The American journal of sports medicine, 49(10), 2638–2644. https://doi.org/10.1177/03635465211023761 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/03635465211023761
Gokeler, A., Eppinga, P., Dijkstra, P. U., Welling, W., Padua, D. A., Otten, E., & Benjaminse, A. (2014). Effect of fatigue on landing performance assessed with the landing error scoring system (less) in patients after ACL reconstruction. A pilot study. International journal of sports physical therapy, 9(3), 302–311.
Zhang, Q., Ruan, M., Singh, N. B., Huang, L., Zhang, X., & Wu, X. (2021). Progression of Fatigue Modifies Primary Contributors to Ground Reaction Forces During Drop Landing. Journal of human kinetics, 76, 161–173. https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2021-0052 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2021-0052
Liveris, N. I., Tsarbou, C., Tsimeas, P. D., Papageorgiou, G., Xergia, S. A., & Tsiokanos, A. (2021). Evaluating the Effects of Match-Induced Fatigue on Landing Ability; the Case of the Basketball Game. International journal of exercise science, 14(6), 768–778.
Cortes, N., Quammen, D., Lucci, S., Greska, E., & Onate, J. (2012). A functional agility short-term fatigue protocol changes lower extremity mechanics. Journal of sports sciences, 30(8), 797–805. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2012.671528 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2012.671528
Heebner, N. R., Rafferty, D. M., Wohleber, M. F., Simonson, A. J., Lovalekar, M., Reinert, A., & Sell, T. C. (2017). Landing Kinematics and Kinetics at the Knee During Different Landing Tasks. Journal of athletic training, 52(12), 1101–1108. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-52.11.25 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-52.11.25
Vermeulen, S., Bleecker, C., Blaiser, C., Kilinç, Ö. O., Willems, T., Vanrenterghem, J., Roosen, P., & Ridder, R. (2023). The Effect of Fatigue on Trunk and Pelvic Jump-Landing Biomechanics in View of Lower Extremity Loading: A Systematic Review. Journal of human kinetics, 86, 73–95. https://doi.org/10.5114/jhk/159460 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5114/jhk/159460
Carvalho, H. M., Gonçalves, C. E., Grosgeorge, B., & Paes, R. R. (2017). Validity and usefulness of the Line Drill test for adolescent basketball players: a Bayesian multilevel analysis. Research in sports medicine (Print), 25(3), 333–344. https://doi.org/10.1080/15438627.2017.1314296 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15438627.2017.1314296
McLean, S. G., Fellin, R. E., Suedekum, N., Calabrese, G., Passerallo, A., & Joy, S. (2007). Impact of fatigue on gender-based high-risk landing strategies. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 39(3), 502–514. PubMed. https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e3180d47f0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e3180d47f0
Gabbett T. J. (2010). The development of a test of repeated-sprint ability for elite women’s soccer players. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 24(5), 1191–1194. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181d1568c DOI: https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181d1568c
Lockie, R. G., Liu, T. M., Stage, A. A., Lazar, A., Giuliano, D. V., Hurley, J. M., Torne, I. A., Beiley, M. D., Birmingham-Babauta, S. A., Stokes, J. J., Risso, F. G., Davis, D. L., Moreno, M. R., & Orjalo, A. J. (2020). Assessing Repeated-Sprint Ability in Division I Collegiate Women Soccer Players. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 34(7), 2015–2023. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002527 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002527
Bishop, D., Girard, O., & Mendez-Villanueva, A. (2011). Repeated-sprint ability - part II: recommendations for training. Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 41(9), 741–756. https://doi.org/10.2165/11590560-000000000-00000 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2165/11590560-000000000-00000
Cohen J. (1992). A power primer. Psychological bulletin, 112(1), 155–159. https://doi.org/10.1037//0033-2909.112.1.155 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037//0033-2909.112.1.155
Shultz, S. J., Cruz, M. R., Casey, E., Dompier, T. P., Ford, K. R., Pietrosimone, B., Schmitz, R. J., & Taylor, J. B. (2022). Sex-Specific Changes in Physical Risk Factors for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury by Chronological Age and Stages of Growth and Maturation From 8 to 18 Years of Age. Journal of athletic training, 57(9-10), 830–876. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-0038.22 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-0038.22
Otsuki, R., Benoit, D., Hirose, N., & Fukubayashi, T. (2021). Effects of an Injury Prevention Program on Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Risk Factors in Adolescent Females at Different Stages of Maturation. Journal of sports science & medicine, 20(2), 365–372. https://doi.org/10.52082/jssm.2021.365 DOI: https://doi.org/10.52082/jssm.2021.365
Yu, B., McClure, S. B., Onate, J. A., Guskiewicz, K. M., Kirkendall, D. T., & Garrett, W. E. (2005). Age and gender effects on lower extremity kinematics of youth soccer players in a stop-jump task. The American journal of sports medicine, 33(9), 1356–1364. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546504273049 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546504273049
Estevan, I., Monfort-Torres, G., Farana, R., Zahradnik, D., Jandacka, D., & García-Massó, X. (2020). Children’s Single-Leg Landing Movement Capability Analysis According to the Type of Sport Practiced. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(17), 6414. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176414 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176414
Verschueren, J., Tassignon, B., De Pauw, K., Proost, M., Teugels, A., Van Cutsem, J., Roelands, B., Verhagen, E., & Meeusen, R. (2020). Does Acute Fatigue Negatively Affect Intrinsic Risk Factors of the Lower Extremity Injury Risk Profile? A Systematic and Critical Review. Sports Medicine, 50, 767–784. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-019-01235-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-019-01235-1
De Blaiser, C., Roosen, P., Willems, T., Danneels, L., Bossche, L. V., & De Ridder, R. (2018). Is core stability a risk factor for lower extremity injuries in an athletic population? A systematic review. Physical Therapy in Sport, 30, 48–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2017.08.076 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2017.08.076
De Ridder, R., Willems, T., Vanrenterghem, J., Robinson, M. A., & Roosen, P. (2015). Lower limb landing biomechanics in subjects with chronic ankle instability. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 47(6), 1225–1231. https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000000525 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000000525
De Bleecker, C., Vermeulen, S., De Blaiser, C., Willems, T., De Ridder, R., & Roosen, P. (2020). Relationship Between Jump-Landing Kinematics and Lower Extremity Overuse Injuries in Physically Active Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Medicine, 50(8), 1515–1532. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-020-01296-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-020-01296-7
Chuter, V. H., & Janse de Jonge, X. A. (2012). Proximal and distal contributions to lower extremity injury: a review of the literature. Gait Posture, 36(1), 7–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2012.02.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2012.02.001
López-Valenciano, A., Raya-González, J., Garcia-Gómez, J. A., Aparicio-Sarmiento, A., Sainz de Baranda, P., De Ste Croix, M., & Ayala, F. (2021). Injury Profile in Women’s Football: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 51(3), 423–442. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-020-01401-w DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-020-01401-w
Larkin, P., Carlon, T., Sortino, B., Greer, S., Cuttiford, T., Wijekulasuriya, G., & Pane, C. (2023). Anthropometry and Physical Performance in 13-Year-Old Australian Talent-Identified Male and Female Athletes Compared to an Age-Matched General Population Cohort. Children (Basel, Switzerland), 10(2), 212. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10020212 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/children10020212
Holden, S., Boreham, C., & Delahunt, E. (2016). Sex Differences in Landing Biomechanics and Postural Stability During Adolescence: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analyses. Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 46(2), 241–253. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-015-0416-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-015-0416-6
Quatman, C. E., Ford, K. R., Myer, G. D., & Hewett, T. E. (2006). Maturation leads to gender differences in landing force and vertical jump performance: a longitudinal study. The American journal of sports medicine, 34(5), 806–813. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546505281916 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546505281916
Oliver, J., Armstrong, N., & Williams, C. (2008). Changes in jump performance and muscle activity following soccer-specific exercise. Journal of sports sciences, 26(2), 141–148. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410701352018 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410701352018
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Italo Sannicandro, Giovanni Esposito, Rosario D'Onofrio, Giacomo Cofano
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
