Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Adopted by Recreational Runners Towards Core Stability Exercises in Preventing Low Back Pain: A Cross-Sectional Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2023.3.10Keywords:
Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, Core Muscles, Runners, Exercise, Low back painAbstract
The current study intended to determine recreational runners' knowledge, attitude, and practices toward CSE to prevent LBP.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study design was adopted. Two hundred fifty-seven recreational runners were chosen using a simple random sampling approach and administered with a semi-structured questionnaire to evaluate their KAP toward CSE. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS 28.0.
Results: The correct response to the knowledge-related items in the questionnaire was from 65% to 91%. Precisely, 91.4% of study participants understood CSE. Furthermore, most participants showed a positive attitude toward CSE, considering that it is essential for running (79%), improving fitness (76%), reducing the risk of injuries (71%), and boosting their appearance (54%). Most participants (>85%) performed CSE for recommended frequency and duration to strengthen their core muscles and prevent LBP. The recreational runners had good practice toward CSE.
Conclusion: Recreational runners possess adequate knowledge, a positive attitude, and good practice toward CSE. This study suggested that motivational strategies and awareness programs can be conducted to improve recreational runners' KAP toward CSE preventing LBP.
Downloads
References
Dai, S., Carroll, D. D., Watson, K. B., Paul, P., Carlson, S. A., & Fulton, J. E. (2015). Participation in types of physical activities among US adults—National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2006. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 12(s1), S128–S140. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2015-0038 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2015-0038
Lee, D., Pate, R. R., Lavie, C. J., Sui, X., Church, T. S., & Blair, S. N. (2014). Leisure-time running reduces all-cause and cardiovascular mortality risk. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 64(5), 472-481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2014.04.058 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2014.04.058
Scheerder, J., Breedveld, K., & Borgers, J. (2015). Running across Europe: the rise and size of one of the largest sport markets. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137446374 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137446374
Hespanhol Junior, L. C., Pillay, J. D., van Mechelen, W., & Verhagen, E. (2015). Meta-analyses of the effects of habitual running on indices of health in physically inactive adults. Sports Medicine, 45(10), 1455-1468. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-015-0359-y DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-015-0359-y
Mulvad, B., Nielsen, R. O., Lind, M., & Ramskov, D. (2018). Diagnoses and time to recovery among injured recreational runners in the RUN CLEVER trial. PLoS One, 13(10), e0204742. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204742 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204742
Harris, M. B. (1981). Runners’ perceptions of the benefits of running. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 52(1), 153–154. https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1981.52.1.153 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1981.52.1.153
Novacheck, T. F. (1998). The biomechanics of running. Gait & Posture, 7(1), 77-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0966-6362(97)00038-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0966-6362(97)00038-6
Franke, T. P. C., Backx, F. J. G., & Huisstede, B. M. A. (2019). Running themselves into the ground? Incidence, prevalence, and impact of injury and illness in runners preparing for a half or full marathon. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 49(7), 518-528. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2019.8473 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2019.8473
Van der Worp, M. P., Ten Haaf, D. S. M., van Cingel, R., de Wijer, A., Nijhuis-van der Sanden, M. W. G., & Staal, J. B. (2015). Injuries in runners; a systematic review on risk factors and sex differences. PloS One, 10(2), e0114937. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0114937 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0114937
Dias Lopes, A., Hespanhol Junior, L. C., Yeung, S. S., & Pena Costa, L. O. (2012). What are the Main Running-Related Musculoskeletal Injuries?: A Systematic Review. Sports Medicine (Auckland), 42(10), 891-905. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf03262301 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03262301
Abdelraouf, O. R., & Abdel-Aziem, A. A. (2016). The relationship between core endurance and back dysfunction in collegiate male athletes with and without nonspecific low back pain. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 11(3), 337. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43161-020-00003-x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s43161-020-00003-x
Maselli, F., Storari, L., Barbari, V., Colombi, A., Turolla, A., Gianola, S., Rossettini, G., & Testa, M. (2020). Prevalence and incidence of low back pain among runners: a systematic review. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 21(1), 1-25. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-020-03357-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-020-03357-4
Fredericson, M., & Moore, T. (2005). Muscular balance, core stability, and injury prevention for middle-and long-distance runners. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics, 16(3), 669-689. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmr.2005.03.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmr.2005.03.001
Bagherian, S., Ghasempoor, K., Rahnama, N., & Wikstrom, E. A. (2019). The effect of core stability training on functional movement patterns in college athletes. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, 28(5), 444-449. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2017-0107 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2017-0107
Cappozzo, A. (1983). Force actions in the human trunk during running.
Hibbs, A. E., Thompson, K. G., French, D., Wrigley, A., & Spears, I. (2008). Optimizing performance by improving core stability and core strength. Sports Medicine, 38(12), 995-1008. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200838120-00004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200838120-00004
McGregor, A. H., & Hukins, D. W. L. (2009). Lower limb involvement in spinal function and low back pain. Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, 22(4), 219-222. https://doi.org/10.3233/bmr-2009-0239 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3233/BMR-2009-0239
Raabe, M. E., & Chaudhari, A. M. W. (2018). Biomechanical consequences of running with deep core muscle weakness. Journal of Biomechanics, 67, 98-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2017.11.037 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2017.11.037
Hsu, S.-L., Oda, H., Shirahata, S., Watanabe, M., & Sasaki, M. (2018). Effects of core strength training on core stability. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 30(8), 1014-1018. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.30.1014 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.30.1014
Mehda, P., Zutshi, K., Juneja, H., & Zafar, R. (2019). Effect of core stabilization exercises in addition to conventional training on core stability and running performance. Sports Medicine Journal/Medicina Sportivâ, 15(1).
Sandrey, M. A., & Mitzel, J. G. (2013). Improvement in dynamic balance and core endurance after a 6-week core-stability-training program in high school track and field athletes. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, 22(4), 264-271. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsr.22.4.264 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1123/jsr.22.4.264
Wang, K.-M., Lin, Y.-H., & Huang, Y.-C. (2012). The knowledge and attitude of sports injury prevention and management of senior high school athletes in Taiwan. International Journal of Sport and Health Science, 1202140084. https://doi.org/10.5432/ijshs.201122 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5432/ijshs.201122
Singhal, R., & Rana, R. (2015). Chi-square test and its application in hypothesis testing. Journal of the Practice of Cardiovascular Sciences, 1(1), 69. https://doi.org/10.4103/2395-5414.157577 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/2395-5414.157577
Bergmark, A. (1989). Stability of the lumbar spine: a study in mechanical engineering. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica, 60(sup230), 1-54. https://doi.org/10.3109/17453678909154177 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3109/17453678909154177
Hung, K.-C., Chung, H.-W., Yu, C. C.-W., Lai, H.-C., & Sun, F.-H. (2019). Effects of 8-week core training on core endurance and running economy. PLoS One, 14(3), e0213158. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213158 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0213158
Hides, J. A., Richardson, C. A., & Jull, G. A. (1996). Multifidus muscle recovery is not automatic after resolution of acute, first-episode low back pain. Spine, 21(23), 2763-2769. https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-199612010-00011 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-199612010-00011
Hodges, P. W., Sapsford, R., & Pengel, L. H. M. (2007). Postural and respiratory functions of the pelvic floor muscles. Neurourology and Urodynamics, 26(3), 362-371. https://doi.org/10.1002/nau.20232 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/nau.20232
Kibler, W. Ben, Press, J., & Sciascia, A. (2006). The role of core stability in athletic function. Sports Medicine, 36(3), 189-198. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200636030-00001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200636030-00001
Szczygieł, E., Blaut, J., Zielonka-Pycka, K., Tomaszewski, K., Golec, J., Czechowska, D., Masłoń, A., & Golec, E. (2018). The impact of deep muscle training on the quality of posture and breathing. Journal of Motor Behavior, 50(2), 219–227. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222895.2017.1327413 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222895.2017.1327413
Shamsi, M. B., Rezaei, M., Zamanlou, M., Sadeghi, M., & Pourahmadi, M. R. (2016). Does core stability exercise improve lumbopelvic stability (through endurance tests) more than general exercise in chronic low back pain? A quasi-randomized controlled trial. Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 32(3), 171-178. https://doi.org/10.3109/09593985.2015.1117550 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3109/09593985.2015.1117550
Wang, X.-Q., Zheng, J.-J., Yu, Z.-W., Bi, X., Lou, S.-J., Liu, J., Cai, B., Hua, Y.-H., Wu, M., & Wei, M.-L. (2012). A meta-analysis of core stability exercise versus general exercise for chronic low back pain. PloS One, 7(12), e52082. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0052082 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0052082
Akbari, A., Khorashadizadeh, S., & Abdi, G. (2008). The effect of motor control exercise versus general exercise on lumbar local stabilizing muscles thickness: randomized controlled trial of patients with chronic low back pain. Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, 21(2), 105-112. https://doi.org/10.3233/bmr-2008-21206 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3233/BMR-2008-21206
Andrusaitis, S. F., Brech, G. C., Vitale, G. F., & Greve, J. M. D. (2011). Trunk stabilization among women with chronic lower back pain: a randomized, controlled, and blinded pilot study. Clinics, 66, 1645-1650. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1807-59322011000900024 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1807-59322011000900024
França, F. R., Burke, T. N., Hanada, E. S., & Marques, A. P. (2010). Segmental stabilization and muscular strengthening in chronic low back pain: a comparative study. Clinics, 65, 1013-1017. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1807-59322010001000015 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1807-59322010001000015
Liemohn, W. P., Baumgartner, T. A., & Gagnon, L. H. (2005). Measuring core stability. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 19(3), 583. https://doi.org/10.1519/00124278-200508000-00016 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1519/1533-4287(2005)19[583:MCS]2.0.CO;2
Prieske, O., Muehlbauer, T., & Granacher, U. (2016). The role of trunk muscle strength for physical fitness and athletic performance in trained individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 46(3), 401-419. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-015-0426-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-015-0426-4
Reed, C. A., Ford, K. R., Myer, G. D., & Hewett, T. E. (2012). The effects of isolated and integrated ‘core stability’training on athletic performance measures. Sports Medicine, 42(8), 697-706. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf03262289 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03262289
Jõesaar, H., Hein, V., & Hagger, M. S. (2012). Youth athletes’ perception of autonomy support from the coach, peer motivational climate and intrinsic motivation in sport setting: One-year effects. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 13(3), 257-262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2011.12.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2011.12.001
Shaw, L. A., Buckley, J., Corballis, P. M., Lutteroth, C., & Wünsche, B. C. (2016). Competition and cooperation with virtual players in an exergame. PeerJ Computer Science, 2, e92. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.92 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.92
Harvard health publishing. (2016). Core exercise workout: 12 tips for exercising safely and effectively. Harvard Health Publishing. https://www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/core-exercise-workout-12-tips-for-exercising-safely-and-effectively
Princing, M. (2021). How to build core strength and why it’s important. UW Medicine. https://rightasrain.uwmedicine.org/body/exercise/building-core-strength
Puntumetakul, R., Saiklang, P., Tapanya, W., Chatprem, T., Kanpittaya, J., Arayawichanon, P., & Boucaut, R. (2021). The effects of core stabilization exercise with the abdominal drawing-in maneuver technique versus general strengthening exercise on lumbar segmental motion in patients with clinical lumbar instability: A randomized controlled trial with 12-month follow-up. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(15), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18157811 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18157811
Hopkins, N. (2009). Core stability exercises.
Gomes, A. R., Morais, R., & Carneiro, L. (2017). Predictors of exercise practice: from intention to exercise behavior.
Mao, H. Y., Hsu, H. C., & Lee, S. Da. (2020). Gender differences in related influential factors of regular exercise behavior among people in Taiwan in 2007: A cross-sectional study. PLoS ONE, 15(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228191 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228191
Khaled, S. A. A., Elfakharany, A. T., & ElAzab, D. R. (2016). Effect of body mass index on adherence to physical activity in females. Int J Adv Res Biol Sci, 3(11), 211-219. https://doi.org/10.22192/ijarbs.2016.03.11.027 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22192/ijarbs.2016.03.11.027
Rodrigues, F., Teixeira, D. S., Neiva, H. P., Cid, L., & Monteiro, D. (2020). Understanding exercise adherence: The predictability of past experience and motivational determinants. Brain Sciences, 10(2), 98. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10020098 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10020098
Shahidi, B., Padwal, J., Lee, E., Xu, R., Northway, S., Taitano, L., Wu, T., & Raiszadeh, K. (2022). Factors impacting adherence to an exercise-based physical therapy program for individuals with low back pain. Plos One, 17(10), e0276326. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0276326 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0276326
Shettigar, S., Shivaraj, K., & Shettigar, S. (2019). A study to assess the factors affecting adherence to exercise in the Indian population. Cureus, 11(11). https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.6062 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.6062
Tarducci, G., Barengo, N., Morea, G., Gárgano, S., Gandini, A., Paganini, A., & Bardach, A. (2016). Relación entre el nivel de escolaridad y el patrón de actividad física en Balcarce, Argentina. Hacia La Promoción de La Salud, 21(2), 89-98. https://doi.org/10.21142/tl.2022.2338 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21142/tl.2022.2338
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Vinosh Kumar Purushothaman, Ivan Ho, Ambusam Subramaniam, Arun Vijay Subbarayalu, Sivasankar Prabaharan, Palanivel Rubavathi Marimuthu, Everlynn Yi Xuan Hii, Sivakumar Chinnusamy, Mohanraj Kandasamy
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
