The Effect of Six-Week Plyometric Training on Enhancing Sports Performance of Adolescent Students
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2022.3s.05Keywords:
Countermovement jump (CMJ), plyometric training, power, tuck jump, strength, strength-shortening cycle (SSC), studentAbstract
Numerous studies have documented that plyometric training is an effective method to improve sports performance.
The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of six weeks of plyomeytric training on strength, speed, and power.
Materials and methods. An experimental study using a pretest-posttest control group design was conducted on 30 Perisai Diri athletes. They were randomly divided into three groups: the plyometric jumping jack (JJ) group, the countermovement jump (CMJ) group, and the tuck jump (TJ) group. The respondents in the TJ and CMJ groups were then assigned to six weeks of exercise consisting of three sets each session (18 sessions in total), with intensities ranging from 60% to 80%. Pretest and posttest were conducted to obtain data on strength and explosive power. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21 and presented in mean and standard deviation. Paired sample t-test was performed to compare the differences between the groups before and after the training they were given. One-way ANOVA was used to examine multiple comparison in the gains of strength and power between the groups.
Results. The results showed that the students’ strength and power in all groups increased significantly (p<0.05) after six weeks. Differences between the groups were found in strength (p = 0.000), which was the case between TJ-CMJ pair (p = 0.001) and TJ-C pair (p = 0.000). Between-group differences were also found in power (p = 0.017), which was the case between TJ-CMJ and TJ-C pairs (p<0.05).
Conclusions. Based on these findings, it was concluded that plyometric training was able to improve strength and leg muscle power of non-trained individuals.
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References
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Peitz, M., Behringer, M., & Granacher, U. (2018). A systematic review on the effects of resistance and plyometric training on physical fitness in youth- What do comparative studies tell us? PLoS ONE, 13(10), e0205525. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0205525
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Slimani, M., Chamari, K., Miarka, B., Del Vecchio, F. B., & Chéour, F. (2016). Effects of plyometric training on physical fitness in team sport athletes: A systematic review. Journal of Human Kinetics, 53, 231-247. https://doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2016-0026
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Aloui, G., Hermassi, S., Hayes, L. D., Sanal Hayes, N. E. M., Bouhafs, E. G., Chelly, M. S., & Schwesig, R. (2021). Effects of plyometric and short sprint with change-of-direction training in male U17 soccer players. Applied Sciences, 11(11), 4767.
https://doi.org/10.3390/app11114767
Vetrovsky, T., Steffl, M., Stastny, P., & Tufano, J. J. (2019). The efficacy and safety of lower-limb plyometric training in older adults: A systematic review. Sports Medicine, 49(1), 113–131. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-018-1018-x
Wang, Y.-C., & Zhang, N. (2016). Effects of plyometric training on soccer players. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 12(2), 550-554. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2016.3419
Radnor, J. M., Oliver, J. L., Waugh, C. M., Myer, G. D., Moore, I. S., & Lloyd, R. S. (2018). The influence of growth and maturation on stretch-shortening cycle function in youth. Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 48(1), 57-71. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-017-0785-0
Idrizovic, K., Gjinovci, B., Sekulic, D., Uljevic, O., João, P. V., Spasic, M., & Sattler, T. (2018). The effects of 3-month skill-based and plyometric conditioning on fitness parameters in junior female volleyball players. Pediatric Exercise Science, 30(3), 353-363. https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.2017-0178
Ramachandran, A. K., Singh, U., Ramirez-Campillo, R., Clemente, F. M., Afonso, J., & Granacher, U. (2021). Effects of plyometric jump training on balance performance in healthy participants: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Frontiers in Physiology, 12, 730945. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.730945
Asadi, A. (2012). Effects of six weeks depth jump and countermovement jump training on agility performance. Sport Science, 5(1), 67-71.
Michailidis, Y., Fatouros, I. G., Primpa, E., Michailidis, C., Avloniti, A., Chatzinikolaou, A., Barbero-Álvarez, J. C., Tsoukas, D., Douroudos, I. I., Draganidis, D., Leontsini, D., Margonis, K., Berberidou, F., & Kambas, A. (2013). Plyometrics’ trainability in preadolescent soccer athletes. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 27(1), 38-49. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182541ec6
Mazurek, K., Zmijewski, P., Makaruk, H., Mróz, A., Czajkowska, A., Witek, K., Bodasiński, S., & Lipińska, P. (2018). Effects of short-term plyometric training on physical performance in male handball players. Journal of Human Kinetics, 63, 137-148. https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2018-0014
Chaouachi, A., Othman, A. Ben, Hammami, R., Drinkwater, E. J., & Behm, D. G. (2014). The combination of plyometric and balance training improves sprint and shuttle run performances more often than plyometric-only training with children. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 28(2), 401-412. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182987059
Shafeeq, V. A., Dhinu, M. R., Paul, J., & Singh, J. (2013). Impact of isolated and combined resistance training and plyometric training on strength and power outputs. Brazilian Journal of Biomotricity, 7, 117–127.
Ben Ayed, K., Ben Saad, H., Ali Hammami, M., & Latiri, I. (2020). Relationships of the 5-jump test (5jt) performance of youth players with volleyball specific’ laboratory tests for explosive power. American Journal of Men’s Health, 14(6), 1557988320977686. https://doi.org/10.1177/1557988320977686
Sedano, S., Matheu, A., Redondo, J. C., & Cuadrado, G. (2011). Effects of plyometric training on explosive strength, acceleration capacity and kicking speed in young elite soccer players. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 51(1), 50-58.
Ivanović, J., Kukić, F., Greco, G., Koropanovski, N., Jakovljević, S., & Dopsaj, M. (2022). Specific physical ability prediction in youth basketball players according to playing position. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(2), 977. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19020977
Hariyanto, A., Pramono, B. A., Mustar, Y. S., Sholikhah, A. M., & Prilaksono, M. I. A. (2022). Effect of Two Different Plyometric Trainings on Strength, Speed and Agility Performance: 5th International Conference on Sport Science and Health (ICSSH 2021), Malang, Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.2991/ahsr.k.220203.017
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Kobal, R., Loturco, I., Barroso, R., Gil, S., Cuniyochi, R., Ugrinowitsch, C., Roschel, H., & Tricoli, V. (2017). Effects of different combinations of strength, power, and plyometric training on the physical performance of elite young soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 31(6), 1468-1476. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001609
Fouré, A., Nordez, A., & Cornu, C. (2010). Plyometric training effects on Achilles tendon stiffness and dissipative properties. Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md.: 1985), 109(3), 849-854. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01150.2009
Hirayama, K., Iwanuma, S., Ikeda, N., Yoshikawa, A., Ema, R., & Kawakami, Y. (2017). Plyometric training favors optimizing muscle–tendon behavior during depth jumping. Frontiers in Physiology, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2017.00016
Wu, Y.-K., Lien, Y.-H., Lin, K.-H., Shih, T. T.-F., Wang, T.-G., & Wang, H.-K. (2010). Relationships between three potentiation effects of plyometric training and performance. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 20(1), e80-86. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.00908.x
Louder, T., Bressel, M., & Bressel, E. (2015). The kinetic specificity of plyometric training: Verbal cues revisited. Journal of Human Kinetics, 49(1), 201-208. https://doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2015-0122
Hirayama, K., Yanai, T., Kanehisa, H., Fukunaga, T., & Kawakami, Y. (2012). Neural modulation of muscle-tendon control strategy after a single practice session. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 44(8), 1512-1518. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e3182535da5
Mirzaei, B., Asghar Norasteh, A., Saez de Villarreal, E., & Asadi, A. (2014). Effects of six weeks of depth jump vs. Countermovement jump training on sand on muscle soreness and performance. Kinesiology, 46.(1.), 97-108.
Petrigna, L., Karsten, B., Marcolin, G., Paoli, A., D’Antona, G., Palma, A., & Bianco, A. (2019). A review of countermovement and squat jump testing methods in the context of public health examination in adolescence: Reliability and feasibility of current testing procedures. Frontiers in Physiology, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.01384
Ruffieux, J., Wälchli, M., Kim, K.-M., & Taube, W. (2020). Countermovement jump training is more effective than drop jump training in enhancing jump height in non-professional female volleyball players. Frontiers in Physiology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.00231
Muthukumar, A., & Sokkanathan, G. (2014). Effect of plyometric training and combination of weight and plyometric training on selected physical fitness variables of college men volleyball players. Indian Journal of Applied Research, 4(11), 633-637.
Elnaggar, R. K., Elbanna, M. F., Mahmoud, W. S., & Alqahtani, B. A. (2019). Plyometric exercises: Subsequent changes of weightbearing symmetry, muscle strength and walking performance in children with unilateral cerebral palsy. Journal of Musculoskeletal Neuronal Interactions, 19(4), 507-515.
Smilios, I., Pilianidis, T., Sotiropoulos, K., Antonakis, M., & Tokmakidis, S. P. (2005). Short-term effects of selected exercise and load in contrast training on vertical jump performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 19(1), 135-139. https://doi.org/10.1519/14463.1
de Villarreal, E. S.-S., Kellis, E., Kraemer, W. J., & Izquierdo, M. (2009). Determining variables of plyometric training for improving vertical jump height performance: A meta-analysis. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 23(2), 495-506. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e318196b7c6
Chelly, M. S., Ghenem, M. A., Abid, K., Hermassi, S., Tabka, Z., & Shephard, R. J. (2010). Effects of in-season short-term plyometric training program on leg power, jump- and sprint performance of soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 24(10), 2670-2676. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181e2728f
Loturco, I., Nakamura, F. Y., Kobal, R., Gil, S., Abad, C. C. C., Cuniyochi, R., Pereira, L. A., & Roschel, H. (2015). Training for power and speed: Effects of increasing or decreasing jump squat velocity in elite young soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 29(10), 2771-2779. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000951
Loturco, I., Ugrinowitsch, C., Roschel, H., Lopes Mellinger, A., Gomes, F., Tricoli, V., & Gonzáles-Badillo, J. J. (2013). Distinct temporal organizations of the strength- and power-training loads produce similar performance improvements. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 27(1), 188-194. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182503807
Chimera, N. J., Swanik, K. A., Swanik, C. B., & Straub, S. J. (2004). Effects of plyometric training on muscle-activation strategies and performance in female athletes. Journal of Athletic Training, 39(1), 24-31.
Rubley, M. D., Haase, A. C., Holcomb, W. R., Girouard, T. J., & Tandy, R. D. (2011). The effect of plyometric training on power and kicking distance in female adolescent soccer players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 25(1), 129-134. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181b94a3d
Váczi, M., Tollár, J., Meszler, B., Juhász, I., & Karsai, I. (2013). Short-term high intensity plyometric training program improves strength, power and agility in male soccer players. Journal of Human Kinetics, 36, 17-26. https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2013-0002
de Villareal, E. S. S., Requena, B., & Newton, R. U. (2010). Does plyometric training improve strength performance? A meta-analysis. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 13(5), 513-522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2009.08.005
Buckthorpe, M., & Della Villa, F. (2021). Recommendations for plyometric training after ACL reconstruction – A clinical commentary. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 16(3), 879-895. https://doi.org/10.26603/001c.23549
Anwer, U., & Nuhmani, S. (2015). Lower quarter plyometric for soccer players. Saudi Journal of Sports Medicine, 15(1), 20. https://doi.org/10.4103/1319-6308.149524
Peitz, M., Behringer, M., & Granacher, U. (2018). A systematic review on the effects of resistance and plyometric training on physical fitness in youth- What do comparative studies tell us? PLoS ONE, 13(10), e0205525. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0205525
Sole, S., Ramírez-Campillo, R., Andrade, D. C., & Sanchez-Sanchez, J. (2021). Plyometric jump training effects on the physical fitness of individual-sport athletes: A systematic review with meta-analysis. PeerJ, 9. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11004
Davies, G., Riemann, B. L., & Manske, R. (2015). Current concept of plyometric exercise. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 10(6), 760-786.
Slimani, M., Chamari, K., Miarka, B., Del Vecchio, F. B., & Chéour, F. (2016). Effects of plyometric training on physical fitness in team sport athletes: A systematic review. Journal of Human Kinetics, 53, 231-247. https://doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2016-0026
Bedoya, A. A., Miltenberger, M. R., & Lopez, R. M. (2015). Plyometric training effects on athletic performance in youth soccer athletes: A systematic review. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 29(8), 2351-2360. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000877
Makaruk, H., Czaplicki, A., Sacewicz, T., & Sadowski, J. (2014). The effects of single versus repeated plyometrics on landing biomechanics and jumping performance in men. Biology of Sport, 31(1), 9-14. https://doi.org/10.5604/20831862.1083273
Aloui, G., Hermassi, S., Hayes, L. D., Sanal Hayes, N. E. M., Bouhafs, E. G., Chelly, M. S., & Schwesig, R. (2021). Effects of plyometric and short sprint with change-of-direction training in male U17 soccer players. Applied Sciences, 11(11), 4767.
https://doi.org/10.3390/app11114767
Vetrovsky, T., Steffl, M., Stastny, P., & Tufano, J. J. (2019). The efficacy and safety of lower-limb plyometric training in older adults: A systematic review. Sports Medicine, 49(1), 113–131. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-018-1018-x
Wang, Y.-C., & Zhang, N. (2016). Effects of plyometric training on soccer players. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 12(2), 550-554. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2016.3419
Radnor, J. M., Oliver, J. L., Waugh, C. M., Myer, G. D., Moore, I. S., & Lloyd, R. S. (2018). The influence of growth and maturation on stretch-shortening cycle function in youth. Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 48(1), 57-71. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-017-0785-0
Idrizovic, K., Gjinovci, B., Sekulic, D., Uljevic, O., João, P. V., Spasic, M., & Sattler, T. (2018). The effects of 3-month skill-based and plyometric conditioning on fitness parameters in junior female volleyball players. Pediatric Exercise Science, 30(3), 353-363. https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.2017-0178
Ramachandran, A. K., Singh, U., Ramirez-Campillo, R., Clemente, F. M., Afonso, J., & Granacher, U. (2021). Effects of plyometric jump training on balance performance in healthy participants: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Frontiers in Physiology, 12, 730945. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.730945
Asadi, A. (2012). Effects of six weeks depth jump and countermovement jump training on agility performance. Sport Science, 5(1), 67-71.
Michailidis, Y., Fatouros, I. G., Primpa, E., Michailidis, C., Avloniti, A., Chatzinikolaou, A., Barbero-Álvarez, J. C., Tsoukas, D., Douroudos, I. I., Draganidis, D., Leontsini, D., Margonis, K., Berberidou, F., & Kambas, A. (2013). Plyometrics’ trainability in preadolescent soccer athletes. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 27(1), 38-49. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182541ec6
Mazurek, K., Zmijewski, P., Makaruk, H., Mróz, A., Czajkowska, A., Witek, K., Bodasiński, S., & Lipińska, P. (2018). Effects of short-term plyometric training on physical performance in male handball players. Journal of Human Kinetics, 63, 137-148. https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2018-0014
Chaouachi, A., Othman, A. Ben, Hammami, R., Drinkwater, E. J., & Behm, D. G. (2014). The combination of plyometric and balance training improves sprint and shuttle run performances more often than plyometric-only training with children. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 28(2), 401-412. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182987059
Shafeeq, V. A., Dhinu, M. R., Paul, J., & Singh, J. (2013). Impact of isolated and combined resistance training and plyometric training on strength and power outputs. Brazilian Journal of Biomotricity, 7, 117–127.
Ben Ayed, K., Ben Saad, H., Ali Hammami, M., & Latiri, I. (2020). Relationships of the 5-jump test (5jt) performance of youth players with volleyball specific’ laboratory tests for explosive power. American Journal of Men’s Health, 14(6), 1557988320977686. https://doi.org/10.1177/1557988320977686
Sedano, S., Matheu, A., Redondo, J. C., & Cuadrado, G. (2011). Effects of plyometric training on explosive strength, acceleration capacity and kicking speed in young elite soccer players. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 51(1), 50-58.
Ivanović, J., Kukić, F., Greco, G., Koropanovski, N., Jakovljević, S., & Dopsaj, M. (2022). Specific physical ability prediction in youth basketball players according to playing position. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(2), 977. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19020977
Hariyanto, A., Pramono, B. A., Mustar, Y. S., Sholikhah, A. M., & Prilaksono, M. I. A. (2022). Effect of Two Different Plyometric Trainings on Strength, Speed and Agility Performance: 5th International Conference on Sport Science and Health (ICSSH 2021), Malang, Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.2991/ahsr.k.220203.017
WHO. (2007). Growth reference data for 5-19 years. https://www.who.int/tools/growth-reference-data-for-5to19-years
Kobal, R., Loturco, I., Barroso, R., Gil, S., Cuniyochi, R., Ugrinowitsch, C., Roschel, H., & Tricoli, V. (2017). Effects of different combinations of strength, power, and plyometric training on the physical performance of elite young soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 31(6), 1468-1476. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001609
Fouré, A., Nordez, A., & Cornu, C. (2010). Plyometric training effects on Achilles tendon stiffness and dissipative properties. Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md.: 1985), 109(3), 849-854. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01150.2009
Hirayama, K., Iwanuma, S., Ikeda, N., Yoshikawa, A., Ema, R., & Kawakami, Y. (2017). Plyometric training favors optimizing muscle–tendon behavior during depth jumping. Frontiers in Physiology, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2017.00016
Wu, Y.-K., Lien, Y.-H., Lin, K.-H., Shih, T. T.-F., Wang, T.-G., & Wang, H.-K. (2010). Relationships between three potentiation effects of plyometric training and performance. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 20(1), e80-86. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.00908.x
Louder, T., Bressel, M., & Bressel, E. (2015). The kinetic specificity of plyometric training: Verbal cues revisited. Journal of Human Kinetics, 49(1), 201-208. https://doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2015-0122
Hirayama, K., Yanai, T., Kanehisa, H., Fukunaga, T., & Kawakami, Y. (2012). Neural modulation of muscle-tendon control strategy after a single practice session. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 44(8), 1512-1518. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e3182535da5
Mirzaei, B., Asghar Norasteh, A., Saez de Villarreal, E., & Asadi, A. (2014). Effects of six weeks of depth jump vs. Countermovement jump training on sand on muscle soreness and performance. Kinesiology, 46.(1.), 97-108.
Petrigna, L., Karsten, B., Marcolin, G., Paoli, A., D’Antona, G., Palma, A., & Bianco, A. (2019). A review of countermovement and squat jump testing methods in the context of public health examination in adolescence: Reliability and feasibility of current testing procedures. Frontiers in Physiology, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.01384
Ruffieux, J., Wälchli, M., Kim, K.-M., & Taube, W. (2020). Countermovement jump training is more effective than drop jump training in enhancing jump height in non-professional female volleyball players. Frontiers in Physiology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.00231
Muthukumar, A., & Sokkanathan, G. (2014). Effect of plyometric training and combination of weight and plyometric training on selected physical fitness variables of college men volleyball players. Indian Journal of Applied Research, 4(11), 633-637.
Elnaggar, R. K., Elbanna, M. F., Mahmoud, W. S., & Alqahtani, B. A. (2019). Plyometric exercises: Subsequent changes of weightbearing symmetry, muscle strength and walking performance in children with unilateral cerebral palsy. Journal of Musculoskeletal Neuronal Interactions, 19(4), 507-515.
Smilios, I., Pilianidis, T., Sotiropoulos, K., Antonakis, M., & Tokmakidis, S. P. (2005). Short-term effects of selected exercise and load in contrast training on vertical jump performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 19(1), 135-139. https://doi.org/10.1519/14463.1
de Villarreal, E. S.-S., Kellis, E., Kraemer, W. J., & Izquierdo, M. (2009). Determining variables of plyometric training for improving vertical jump height performance: A meta-analysis. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 23(2), 495-506. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e318196b7c6
Chelly, M. S., Ghenem, M. A., Abid, K., Hermassi, S., Tabka, Z., & Shephard, R. J. (2010). Effects of in-season short-term plyometric training program on leg power, jump- and sprint performance of soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 24(10), 2670-2676. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181e2728f
Loturco, I., Nakamura, F. Y., Kobal, R., Gil, S., Abad, C. C. C., Cuniyochi, R., Pereira, L. A., & Roschel, H. (2015). Training for power and speed: Effects of increasing or decreasing jump squat velocity in elite young soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 29(10), 2771-2779. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000951
Loturco, I., Ugrinowitsch, C., Roschel, H., Lopes Mellinger, A., Gomes, F., Tricoli, V., & Gonzáles-Badillo, J. J. (2013). Distinct temporal organizations of the strength- and power-training loads produce similar performance improvements. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 27(1), 188-194. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182503807
Chimera, N. J., Swanik, K. A., Swanik, C. B., & Straub, S. J. (2004). Effects of plyometric training on muscle-activation strategies and performance in female athletes. Journal of Athletic Training, 39(1), 24-31.
Rubley, M. D., Haase, A. C., Holcomb, W. R., Girouard, T. J., & Tandy, R. D. (2011). The effect of plyometric training on power and kicking distance in female adolescent soccer players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 25(1), 129-134. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181b94a3d
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2022-11-30
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Putera, S. H. P., Setijono, H., Wiriawan, O., Muhammad, H. N., & Hariyanto, A. (2022). The Effect of Six-Week Plyometric Training on Enhancing Sports Performance of Adolescent Students. Physical Education Theory and Methodology, 22(3s), S37-S44. https://doi.org/10.17309/tmfv.2022.3s.05
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Original Scientific Articles
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